The Three Layered Definition of Diplomacy

Diplomacy is the art, science, and practice of advancing a state or organization’s interests through international dialogue and negotiation conducted by accredited envoys. While diplomatic activity may occasionally be coercive in its use of threats of economic or other punitive measures, it is normally nonviolent and strongly inclined toward the peaceful resolution of disputes and quarrels between states, peoples, or organizations.

The word “diplomacy” derives from the ancient Greek term , meaning “a document folded twice,” and , meaning “to confer a privilege.” It was used to refer to the documents through which princes granted such privileges to their subjects. Later, it was used to refer to the formal, solemn negotiations that took place in European chancelleries and subsequently came to apply to all international relations.

In modern times, diplomacy is an ever-expanding realm of activities, ranging from public and track II diplomacy to cultural exchanges and more. Its activities are supported by a network of institutions that include foreign affairs ministries, embassies, consulates, and many other international bodies.

Jovan Kurbalija, the founding director of DiploFoundation and a longtime member of the United Nations Diplomatic Academy, offers a three-layered definition of diplomacy:

In general, diplomats seek to promote goodwill on behalf of the state or organization they represent while nurturing relationships with foreign states and peoples that will ensure their cooperation or, in their absence, neutrality. They are specialists in carrying messages and negotiating adjustments in relations, resolving quarrels, or securing the benefits of peace. Their weapons are words, backed by the power of their respective countries or organizations.

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