Global political changes in the digital era have created new dynamics that influence the way countries, individuals and organizations interact. One of the most striking aspects is the use of social media. Platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram allow information to spread quickly, giving previously marginalized individuals and groups a voice. However, this openness also attracts manipulation, with the phenomenon of fake news being able to influence public opinion and election results. Additionally, digitalization facilitates political activism through crowdfunding platforms and online petitions. Movements like #MeToo and Black Lives Matter show how communities can come together globally to drive social change. This shows the collective potential of digital power in influencing legislation and policy. This paradigm shift is also visible in relations between countries. Digital diplomacy is emerging as a new tool, with countries leveraging online platforms to improve their image and influence foreign policy. An example is the use of Twitter by world leaders to announce policies or criticize other countries directly. This creates more transparent communication, but also increases the chance of international conflict. E-government is an important part of this transition, where the government uses technology to improve public services. Initiatives such as online public service portals make it easier to access information and public participation. However, challenges in terms of data security and privacy are a major concern, considering the large amount of sensitive data collected. Digital transformation is also generating new challenges for human rights. Mass surveillance by governments, particularly in authoritarian countries, is increasing. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis are used to monitor citizens’ online activities, often without permission. This gave rise to a global discussion about the balance between national security and civil liberties, which is increasingly relevant in the era of digital communications. However, technological advances present opportunities to strengthen democracy. Blockchain initiatives, for example, have the potential to secure election systems, prevent fraud, and increase transparency. This can boost public confidence in the democratic process and increase voter participation. Amidst all this, digital education has become a must. Digital literacy skills are important for understanding information and actively participating in political discussions. Efforts to increase media awareness and encourage critical thinking are also vital, especially among the younger generations most affected by these transformations. In addition, the regulatory architecture that oversees digital platforms is still in the process of being developed. Countries must work together globally to establish ethical principles in the use of technology. Actions such as regulating social media algorithms and protecting personal data are an important focus for regulators, in order to protect society from negative impacts. Therefore, global political changes in the digital era act as a catalyst for broader transformations in power structures, social interactions, and public participation. All parties—individuals, governments and non-governmental organizations—are invited to adapt and innovate in facing the challenges and opportunities brought by this digital era.
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